Introducción
Es importante que un administrador de base de datos sepa cuándo no hay espacio en un disco. Por lo tanto, es mejor automatizar el proceso para que no lo hagan manualmente en cada servidor.
En este artículo, voy a describir cómo implementar la recopilación automática de datos diarios sobre unidades lógicas y archivos de bases de datos.
Solución
Algoritmo:
1. Crear tablas de almacenamiento de datos:
1.1. para archivos de base de datos:
USE [DATABASE_NAME] GO SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO CREATE TABLE [srv].[DBFile]( [DBFile_GUID] [uniqueidentifier] ROWGUIDCOL NOT NULL, [Server] [nvarchar](255) NOT NULL, [Name] [nvarchar](255) NOT NULL, [Drive] [nvarchar](10) NOT NULL, [Physical_Name] [nvarchar](255) NOT NULL, [Ext] [nvarchar](255) NOT NULL, [Growth] [int] NOT NULL, [IsPercentGrowth] [int] NOT NULL, [DB_ID] [int] NOT NULL, [DB_Name] [nvarchar](255) NOT NULL, [SizeMb] [float] NOT NULL, [DiffSizeMb] [float] NOT NULL, [InsertUTCDate] [datetime] NOT NULL, [UpdateUTCdate] [datetime] NOT NULL, [File_ID] [int] NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT [PK_DBFile] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ( [DBFile_GUID] ASC )WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY] ) ON [PRIMARY] GO ALTER TABLE [srv].[DBFile] ADD CONSTRAINT [DF_DBFile_DBFile_GUID] DEFAULT (newid()) FOR [DBFile_GUID] GO ALTER TABLE [srv].[DBFile] ADD CONSTRAINT [DF_DBFile_InsertUTCDate] DEFAULT (getutcdate()) FOR [InsertUTCDate] GO ALTER TABLE [srv].[DBFile] ADD CONSTRAINT [DF_DBFile_UpdateUTCdate] DEFAULT (getutcdate()) FOR [UpdateUTCdate] GO
1.2. para unidades lógicas:
USE [DATABASE_NAME] GO SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO CREATE TABLE [srv].[Drivers]( [Driver_GUID] [uniqueidentifier] ROWGUIDCOL NOT NULL, [Server] [nvarchar](255) NOT NULL, [Name] [nvarchar](8) NOT NULL, [TotalSpace] [float] NOT NULL, [FreeSpace] [float] NOT NULL, [DiffFreeSpace] [float] NOT NULL, [InsertUTCDate] [datetime] NOT NULL, [UpdateUTCdate] [datetime] NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT [PK_Drivers] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ( [Driver_GUID] ASC )WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY] ) ON [PRIMARY] GO ALTER TABLE [srv].[Drivers] ADD CONSTRAINT [DF_Drivers_Driver_GUID] DEFAULT (newid()) FOR [Driver_GUID] GO ALTER TABLE [srv].[Drivers] ADD CONSTRAINT [DF_Drivers_Server] DEFAULT (@@servername) FOR [Server] GO ALTER TABLE [srv].[Drivers] ADD CONSTRAINT [DF_Drivers_TotalSpace] DEFAULT ((0)) FOR [TotalSpace] GO ALTER TABLE [srv].[Drivers] ADD CONSTRAINT [DF_Drivers_FreeSpace] DEFAULT ((0)) FOR [FreeSpace] GO ALTER TABLE [srv].[Drivers] ADD CONSTRAINT [DF_Drivers_DiffFreeSpace] DEFAULT ((0)) FOR [DiffFreeSpace] GO ALTER TABLE [srv].[Drivers] ADD CONSTRAINT [DF_Drivers_InsertUTCDate] DEFAULT (getutcdate()) FOR [InsertUTCDate] GO ALTER TABLE [srv].[Drivers] ADD CONSTRAINT [DF_Drivers_UpdateUTCdate] DEFAULT (getutcdate()) FOR [UpdateUTCdate] GO
Además, debe completar una tabla con unidades lógicas por adelantado de la siguiente manera:
Nombre del servidor:etiqueta de volumen
2. cree una vista necesaria para la recopilación de datos sobre los archivos de la base de datos:
USE [DATABASE_NAME] GO SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO CREATE view [inf].[ServerDBFileInfo] as SELECT @@Servername AS Server , File_id ,--file_id in a database. Its main value always equals 1 Type_desc ,--description of a file type Name as [FileName] ,--logic file name in a database LEFT(Physical_Name, 1) AS Drive ,--volume label where a database file is located Physical_Name ,--a full name of a file in the operating system RIGHT(physical_name, 3) AS Ext ,--file extension Size as CountPage, --current file size in pages of 8 Kb round((cast(Size*8 as float))/1024,3) as SizeMb, --file size in Mb Growth, --growth is_percent_growth, --growth in % database_id, DB_Name(database_id) as [DB_Name] FROM sys.master_files--database_files GO
Aquí se utiliza la vista del sistema sys.master_files.
3. Cree un procedimiento almacenado que devuelva información en una unidad lógica:
USE [DATABASE_NAME] GO SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO create procedure [srv].[sp_DriveSpace] @DrivePath varchar(1024) --device (it is possible to set a volume label 'C:') , @TotalSpace float output --total volume in bytes , @FreeSpace float output --free disk space in bytes as begin DECLARE @fso int , @Drive int , @DriveName varchar(255) , @Folder int , @Drives int , @source varchar(255) , @desc varchar(255) , @ret int , @Object int -- Create an object of a file system exec @ret = sp_OACreate 'Scripting.FileSystemObject', @fso output set @Object = @fso if @ret != 0 goto ErrorInfo -- Get a folder on the specified path exec @ret = sp_OAmethod @fso, 'GetFolder', @Folder output, @DrivePath set @Object = @fso if @ret != 0 goto ErrorInfo -- Get a device exec @ret = sp_OAmethod @Folder, 'Drive', @Drive output set @Object = @Folder if @ret != 0 goto ErrorInfo -- Determine the whole device storage space exec @ret = sp_OAGetProperty @Drive, 'TotalSize', @TotalSpace output set @Object = @Drive if @ret != 0 goto ErrorInfo -- Determine a free space on a disk exec @ret = sp_OAGetProperty @Drive, 'AvailableSpace', @FreeSpace output set @Object = @Drive if @ret != 0 goto ErrorInfo DestroyObjects: if @Folder is not null exec sp_OADestroy @Folder if @Drive is not null exec sp_OADestroy @Drive if @fso is not null exec sp_OADestroy @fso return (@ret) ErrorInfo: exec sp_OAGetErrorInfo @Object, @source output, @desc output print 'Source error: ' + isnull( @source, 'n/a' ) + char(13) + 'Description: ' + isnull( @desc, 'n/a' ) goto DestroyObjects; end GO
Para obtener información detallada sobre este procedimiento, consulte el siguiente artículo:Espacio en disco en T-SQL.
4. Cree un procedimiento almacenado para la recopilación de datos:
4.1. para archivos de base de datos:
USE [DATABASE_NAME] GO SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO CREATE PROCEDURE [srv].[MergeDBFileInfo] AS BEGIN SET NOCOUNT ON; SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ UNCOMMITTED; ;merge [srv].[DBFile] as f using [inf].[ServerDBFileInfo] as ff on f.File_ID=ff.File_ID and f.DB_ID=ff.[database_id] and f.[Server]=ff.[Server] when matched then update set UpdateUTcDate = getUTCDate() ,[Name] = ff.[FileName] ,[Drive] = ff.[Drive] ,[Physical_Name] = ff.[Physical_Name] ,[Ext] = ff.[Ext] ,[Growth] = ff.[Growth] ,[IsPercentGrowth] = ff.[is_percent_growth] ,[SizeMb] = ff.[SizeMb] ,[DiffSizeMb] = round(ff.[SizeMb]-f.[SizeMb],3) when not matched by target then insert ( [Server] ,[Name] ,[Drive] ,[Physical_Name] ,[Ext] ,[Growth] ,[IsPercentGrowth] ,[DB_ID] ,[DB_Name] ,[SizeMb] ,[File_ID] ,[DiffSizeMb] ) values ( ff.[Server] ,ff.[FileName] ,ff.[Drive] ,ff.[Physical_Name] ,ff.[Ext] ,ff.[Growth] ,ff.[is_percent_growth] ,ff.[database_id] ,ff.[DB_Name] ,ff.[SizeMb] ,ff.[File_id] ,0 ) when not matched by source and f.[Server][email protected]@SERVERNAME then delete; END GO
4.2. para unidades lógicas:
USE [DATABASE_NAME] GO SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO CREATE PROCEDURE [srv].[MergeDriverInfo] AS BEGIN SET NOCOUNT ON; SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ UNCOMMITTED; declare @Drivers table ( [Server] nvarchar(255), Name nvarchar(8), TotalSpace float, FreeSpace float, DiffFreeSpace float NULL ); insert into @Drivers ( [Server], Name, TotalSpace, FreeSpace ) select [Server], Name, TotalSpace, FreeSpace from srv.Drivers where [Server][email protected]@SERVERNAME; declare @TotalSpace float; declare @FreeSpace float; declare @DrivePath nvarchar(8); while(exists(select top(1) 1 from @Drivers where DiffFreeSpace is null)) begin select top(1) @DrivePath=Name from @Drivers where DiffFreeSpace is null; exec srv.sp_DriveSpace @DrivePath = @DrivePath , @TotalSpace = @TotalSpace out , @FreeSpace = @FreeSpace out; update @Drivers set [email protected] ,[email protected] ,DiffFreeSpace=case when FreeSpace>0 then round([email protected],3) else 0 end where [email protected]; end ;merge [srv].[Drivers] as d using @Drivers as dd on d.Name=dd.Name and d.[Server]=dd.[Server] when matched then update set UpdateUTcDate = getUTCDate() ,[TotalSpace] = dd.[TotalSpace] ,[FreeSpace] = dd.[FreeSpace] ,[DiffFreeSpace]= dd.[DiffFreeSpace]; END GO
5. Cree vistas para la salida de datos:
5.1. para archivos de base de datos:
USE [DATABASE_NAME] GO SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO create view [srv].[vDBFiles] as SELECT [DBFile_GUID] ,[Server] ,[Name] ,[Drive] ,[Physical_Name] ,[Ext] ,[Growth] ,[IsPercentGrowth] ,[DB_ID] ,[File_ID] ,[DB_Name] ,[SizeMb] ,[DiffSizeMb] ,round([SizeMb]/1024,3) as [SizeGb] ,round([DiffSizeMb]/1024,3) as [DiffSizeGb] ,round([SizeMb]/1024/1024,3) as [SizeTb] ,round([DiffSizeMb]/1024/1024,3) as [DiffSizeTb] ,round([DiffSizeMb]/([SizeMb]/100), 3) as [DiffSizePercent] ,[InsertUTCDate] ,[UpdateUTCdate] FROM [srv].[DBFile]; GO
5.2. para discos lógicos:
USE [DATABASE_NAME] GO SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO create view [srv].[vDrivers] as select [Driver_GUID] ,[Server] ,[Name] ,[TotalSpace] as [TotalSpaceByte] ,[FreeSpace] as [FreeSpaceByte] ,[DiffFreeSpace] as [DiffFreeSpaceByte] ,round([TotalSpace]/1024, 3) as [TotalSpaceKb] ,round([FreeSpace]/1024, 3) as [FreeSpaceKb] ,round([DiffFreeSpace]/1024, 3) as [DiffFreeSpaceKb] ,round([TotalSpace]/1024/1024, 3) as [TotalSpaceMb] ,round([FreeSpace]/1024/1024, 3) as [FreeSpaceMb] ,round([DiffFreeSpace]/1024/1024, 3) as [DiffFreeSpaceMb] ,round([TotalSpace]/1024/1024/1024, 3) as [TotalSpaceGb] ,round([FreeSpace]/1024/1024/1024, 3) as [FreeSpaceGb] ,round([DiffFreeSpace]/1024/1024/1024, 3) as [DiffFreeSpaceGb] ,round([TotalSpace]/1024/1024/1024/1024, 3) as [TotalSpaceTb] ,round([FreeSpace]/1024/1024/1024/1024, 3) as [FreeSpaceTb] ,round([DiffFreeSpace]/1024/1024/1024/1024, 3) as [DiffFreeSpaceTb] ,round([FreeSpace]/([TotalSpace]/100), 3) as [FreeSpacePercent] ,round([DiffFreeSpace]/([TotalSpace]/100), 3) as [DiffFreeSpacePercent] ,[InsertUTCDate] ,[UpdateUTCdate] FROM [srv].[Drivers] GO
6. Cree una tarea en el Agente SQL Server y ejecútela una vez al día:
USE [DATABASE_NAME]; GO exec srv.MergeDBFileInfo; exec srv.MergeDriverInfo;
7. Recopile toda la salida de datos de los servidores. Puede hacerlo utilizando el Agente SQL Server, por ejemplo.
8. Cree un procedimiento almacenado para generar un informe y enviarlo a los administradores. Dado que es posible implementarlo de diferentes maneras, lo consideraré en este ejemplo en particular:
USE [DATABASE_NAME] GO SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO CREATE PROCEDURE [srv].[GetHTMLTableShortInfoDrivers] @body nvarchar(max) OUTPUT AS BEGIN SET NOCOUNT ON; SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ UNCOMMITTED; declare @tbl table ( Driver_GUID uniqueidentifier ,[Name] nvarchar(255) ,[TotalSpaceGb] float ,[FreeSpaceGb] float ,[DiffFreeSpaceMb] float ,[FreeSpacePercent] float ,[DiffFreeSpacePercent] float ,UpdateUTCDate datetime ,[Server] nvarchar(255) ,ID int identity(1,1) ); declare @Driver_GUID uniqueidentifier ,@Name nvarchar(255) ,@TotalSpaceGb float ,@FreeSpaceGb float ,@DiffFreeSpaceMb float ,@FreeSpacePercent float ,@DiffFreeSpacePercent float ,@UpdateUTCDate datetime ,@Server nvarchar(255) ,@ID int; insert into @tbl( Driver_GUID ,[Name] ,[TotalSpaceGb] ,[FreeSpaceGb] ,[DiffFreeSpaceMb] ,[FreeSpacePercent] ,[DiffFreeSpacePercent] ,UpdateUTCDate ,[Server] ) select Driver_GUID ,[Name] ,[TotalSpaceGb] ,[FreeSpaceGb] ,[DiffFreeSpaceMb] ,[FreeSpacePercent] ,[DiffFreeSpacePercent] ,UpdateUTCDate ,[Server] from srv.vDrivers where [DiffFreeSpacePercent]<=-5 or [FreeSpacePercent]<=15 order by [Server] asc, [Name] asc; if(exists(select top(1) 1 from @tbl)) begin set @body='When analyzing I have got the data storage devices that either have free disk space less than 15%, or free space decreases over 5% a day:<br><br>'+'<TABLE BORDER=5>'; set @[email protected]+'<TR>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+'№ p/p'; set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+'GUID'; set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+'SEVER'; set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+'TOM'; set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+'VOLUME, GB.'; set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+'FREE, GB.'; set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+'FREE SPACE CHANGE, MB.'; set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+'FREE, %'; set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+'FREE SPACE CHANGE, %'; set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+'UTC DETECTION TIME'; set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'</TR>'; while((select top 1 1 from @tbl)>0) begin set @[email protected]+'<TR>'; select top 1 @Driver_GUID = Driver_GUID ,@Name = Name ,@TotalSpaceGb = TotalSpaceGb ,@FreeSpaceGb = FreeSpaceGb ,@DiffFreeSpaceMb = DiffFreeSpaceMb ,@FreeSpacePercent = FreeSpacePercent ,@DiffFreeSpacePercent = DiffFreeSpacePercent ,@UpdateUTCDate = UpdateUTCDate ,@Server = [Server] ,@ID = [ID] from @tbl; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+cast(@ID as nvarchar(max)); set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+cast(@Driver_GUID as nvarchar(255)); set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+coalesce(@Server,''); set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+coalesce(@Name,''); set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+cast(@TotalSpaceGb as nvarchar(255)); set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+cast(@FreeSpaceGb as nvarchar(255)); set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+cast(@DiffFreeSpaceMb as nvarchar(255)); set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+cast(@FreeSpacePercent as nvarchar(255)); set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+cast(@DiffFreeSpacePercent as nvarchar(255)); set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+rep.GetDateFormat(@UpdateUTCDate, default)+' '+rep.GetTimeFormat(@UpdateUTCDate, default); set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; delete from @tbl where [email protected]; set @[email protected]+'</TR>'; end set @[email protected]+'</TABLE>'; set @[email protected]+'<br><br>'; To get the detailed information, refer to the view SRV.srv.vDrivers<br><br> To view the information on database files, refer to the view DATABASE_NAME.srv.vDBFiles'; end END GO
Este procedimiento almacenado genera un informe HTML sobre las unidades lógicas que tienen menos del 15 % de espacio libre en el disco o que disminuyen más del 5 % al día. Este último muestra una extraña actividad de registros, lo que significa que alguien almacena demasiada información en este disco con mucha frecuencia. Puede ocurrir por las siguientes razones:
- Es hora de extender un disco;
- Es necesario eliminar los archivos no utilizados en una unidad lógica;
- Borrar y reducir archivos de registro, así como archivos de información y otras tablas.
Solución
En este artículo, analicé un ejemplo de implementación de un sistema de recopilación automática diaria de datos sobre unidades locales y archivos de bases de datos. Esta información permite saber de antemano qué disco tiene menos espacio libre, así como qué archivos de la base de datos crecen drásticamente. Permite evitar un caso en el que no hay espacio en un disco y averiguar la razón por la que un proceso ocupa mucho espacio en un disco.
Lea también:
Recopilación automática de datos de cambios en el esquema de la base de datos en MS SQL Server
Recopilación automática de datos sobre tareas completadas en MS SQL Server