Función similar a CALIFY en SQL Server

Hiciste todo bien.

SELECT Emp_NR, Emp_Name
FROM (
    SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY Emp_Name ORDER BY Emp_NR DESC) AS RN, Emp_Name, Emp_NR
    FROM YourTable
    ) AS T
WHERE T.RN = 1;

Esta es la sintaxis correcta.