A veces, cuando ejecuta una consulta en SQL Server, es posible que desee saber cuál es el tipo de datos subyacente de cada columna, su precisión, longitud, si es anulable o no, etc.
Si está consultando solo una tabla, puede obtener este tipo de datos con procedimientos como sp_columns . Pero si su consulta se ejecuta en muchas tablas, esto podría volverse difícil de manejar muy rápidamente.
Afortunadamente, hay varias formas de obtener dichos metadatos para un conjunto de resultados en SQL Server.
El sp_describe_first_result_set Procedimiento almacenado del sistema
El sp_describe_first_result_set El procedimiento almacenado del sistema se diseñó específicamente para devolver los metadatos de un conjunto de resultados.
Acepta tres parámetros, pero los dos últimos son opcionales. El primer parámetro es la consulta T-SQL que desea analizar.
Este es un ejemplo de este procedimiento en acción.
DECLARE @tsql_query nvarchar(max);
SET @tsql_query = 'SELECT
ar.ArtistName,
al.AlbumName,
g.Genre
FROM
Artists ar
INNER JOIN Albums al
ON ar.ArtistId = al.ArtistId
INNER JOIN Homer.Music.dbo.Genres g
ON al.GenreId = g.GenreId';
EXEC sp_describe_first_result_set @tsql_query, null, 1;
De hecho, puede proporcionar la consulta como una cadena literal, pero en este caso la puse en una variable llamada @tsql_query .
Resultado:
+-------------+------------------+------------+---------------+------------------+--------------------+--------------+-------------+---------+------------------------------+----------------+----------------------+--------------------+------------------+--------------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+---------------------+----------------------------+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------------+-------------------------+-----------------+----------------------+------------------------+----------------------------+--------------------------+------------------------+---------------+--------------+--------------------+-------------------------+ | is_hidden | column_ordinal | name | is_nullable | system_type_id | system_type_name | max_length | precision | scale | collation_name | user_type_id | user_type_database | user_type_schema | user_type_name | assembly_qualified_type_name | xml_collection_id | xml_collection_database | xml_collection_schema | xml_collection_name | is_xml_document | is_case_sensitive | is_fixed_length_clr_type | source_server | source_database | source_schema | source_table | source_column | is_identity_column | is_part_of_unique_key | is_updateable | is_computed_column | is_sparse_column_set | ordinal_in_order_by_list | order_by_is_descending | order_by_list_length | tds_type_id | tds_length | tds_collation_id | tds_collation_sort_id | |-------------+------------------+------------+---------------+------------------+--------------------+--------------+-------------+---------+------------------------------+----------------+----------------------+--------------------+------------------+--------------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+---------------------+----------------------------+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------------+-------------------------+-----------------+----------------------+------------------------+----------------------------+--------------------------+------------------------+---------------+--------------+--------------------+-------------------------| | 0 | 1 | ArtistName | 0 | 231 | nvarchar(255) | 510 | 0 | 0 | SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 0 | 0 | 0 | NULL | Music | dbo | Artists | ArtistName | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | NULL | NULL | NULL | 231 | 510 | 13632521 | 52 | | 0 | 2 | AlbumName | 0 | 231 | nvarchar(255) | 510 | 0 | 0 | SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 0 | 0 | 0 | NULL | Music | dbo | Albums | AlbumName | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | NULL | NULL | NULL | 231 | 510 | 13632521 | 52 | | 0 | 3 | Genre | 0 | 231 | nvarchar(50) | 100 | 0 | 0 | SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 0 | 0 | 0 | Homer | Music | dbo | Genres | Genre | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | NULL | NULL | NULL | 231 | 100 | 13632521 | 52 | | 1 | 4 | ArtistId | 0 | 56 | int | 4 | 10 | 0 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 0 | 0 | 0 | NULL | Music | dbo | Artists | ArtistId | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NULL | NULL | NULL | 56 | 4 | NULL | NULL | | 1 | 5 | AlbumId | 0 | 56 | int | 4 | 10 | 0 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 0 | 0 | 0 | NULL | Music | dbo | Albums | AlbumId | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NULL | NULL | NULL | 56 | 4 | NULL | NULL | | 1 | 6 | GenreId | 0 | 56 | int | 4 | 10 | 0 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 0 | 0 | 0 | Homer | Music | dbo | Genres | GenreId | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | NULL | NULL | NULL | 56 | 4 | NULL | NULL | +-------------+------------------+------------+---------------+------------------+--------------------+--------------+-------------+---------+------------------------------+----------------+----------------------+--------------------+------------------+--------------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+---------------------+----------------------------+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------------+-------------------------+-----------------+----------------------+------------------------+----------------------------+--------------------------+------------------------+---------------+--------------+--------------------+-------------------------+
Como puede ver, este procedimiento almacenado devuelve muchas columnas.
Si observa detenidamente la consulta que estoy analizando, notará que una de las tablas a las que se hace referencia está en un servidor vinculado llamado "Homer". En los resultados producidos por sp_describe_first_result_set , el valor en el source_server columna refleja este servidor vinculado para esa columna subyacente.
En este ejemplo, usé 1 como tercer argumento. También puedes usar 0 o 2 . Vea cómo sp_describe_first_result_set Funciona para una explicación y ejemplos de cómo esta configuración afecta los resultados.
El sys.dm_exec_describe_first_result_set Vista del sistema
El sys.dm_exec_describe_first_result_set la vista del sistema usa el mismo algoritmo que sp_describe_first_result_set y devuelve la misma información.
Entonces podemos modificar nuestro ejemplo anterior para usar sys.dm_exec_describe_first_result_set en lugar de sp_describe_first_result_set .
DECLARE @tsql_query nvarchar(max);
SET @tsql_query = 'SELECT
ar.ArtistName,
al.AlbumName,
g.Genre
FROM
Artists ar
INNER JOIN Albums al
ON ar.ArtistId = al.ArtistId
INNER JOIN Homer.Music.dbo.Genres g
ON al.GenreId = g.GenreId';
SELECT *
FROM sys.dm_exec_describe_first_result_set(
@tsql_query,
null,
1
);Resultado:
+-------------+------------------+------------+---------------+------------------+--------------------+--------------+-------------+---------+------------------------------+----------------+----------------------+--------------------+------------------+--------------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+---------------------+----------------------------+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------------+-------------------------+-----------------+----------------------+------------------------+----------------------------+--------------------------+------------------------+----------------+------------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------+-------------------+ | is_hidden | column_ordinal | name | is_nullable | system_type_id | system_type_name | max_length | precision | scale | collation_name | user_type_id | user_type_database | user_type_schema | user_type_name | assembly_qualified_type_name | xml_collection_id | xml_collection_database | xml_collection_schema | xml_collection_name | is_xml_document | is_case_sensitive | is_fixed_length_clr_type | source_server | source_database | source_schema | source_table | source_column | is_identity_column | is_part_of_unique_key | is_updateable | is_computed_column | is_sparse_column_set | ordinal_in_order_by_list | order_by_is_descending | order_by_list_length | error_number | error_severity | error_state | error_message | error_type | error_type_desc | |-------------+------------------+------------+---------------+------------------+--------------------+--------------+-------------+---------+------------------------------+----------------+----------------------+--------------------+------------------+--------------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+---------------------+----------------------------+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------------+-------------------------+-----------------+----------------------+------------------------+----------------------------+--------------------------+------------------------+----------------+------------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------+-------------------| | 0 | 1 | ArtistName | 0 | 231 | nvarchar(255) | 510 | 0 | 0 | SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 0 | 0 | 0 | NULL | Music | dbo | Artists | ArtistName | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 0 | 2 | AlbumName | 0 | 231 | nvarchar(255) | 510 | 0 | 0 | SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 0 | 0 | 0 | NULL | Music | dbo | Albums | AlbumName | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 0 | 3 | Genre | 0 | 231 | nvarchar(50) | 100 | 0 | 0 | SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 0 | 0 | 0 | Homer | Music | dbo | Genres | Genre | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 1 | 4 | ArtistId | 0 | 56 | int | 4 | 10 | 0 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 0 | 0 | 0 | NULL | Music | dbo | Artists | ArtistId | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 1 | 5 | AlbumId | 0 | 56 | int | 4 | 10 | 0 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 0 | 0 | 0 | NULL | Music | dbo | Albums | AlbumId | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 1 | 6 | GenreId | 0 | 56 | int | 4 | 10 | 0 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 0 | 0 | 0 | Homer | Music | dbo | Genres | GenreId | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | +-------------+------------------+------------+---------------+------------------+--------------------+--------------+-------------+---------+------------------------------+----------------+----------------------+--------------------+------------------+--------------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+---------------------+----------------------------+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------------+-------------------------+-----------------+----------------------+------------------------+----------------------------+--------------------------+------------------------+----------------+------------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------+-------------------+
Al igual que con sp_describe_first_result_set , puede cambiar el segundo y el tercer argumento. Consulte Cómo funciona sys.dm_exec_describe_first_result_set para ver ejemplos.
Usando OPENROWSET
Si observa el código fuente de sys.dm_exec_describe_first_result_set , verás que usa OPENROWSET para lograr sus resultados.
De manera similar, podríamos usar OPENROWSET para hacer algo similar. Por ejemplo, podríamos usar OPENROWSET para ejecutar los resultados cero superiores de una consulta en una tabla temporal, luego use sp_columns procedimiento para devolver información de columna sobre esa tabla temporal (que refleja el conjunto de resultados de nuestra consulta).
SELECT TOP 0 * INTO #TempTable
FROM OPENROWSET(
'SQLNCLI',
'Server=localhost;Trusted_Connection=yes;',
'SELECT
ar.ArtistName,
al.AlbumName,
g.Genre
FROM
Music.dbo.Artists ar
INNER JOIN Music.dbo.Albums al
ON ar.ArtistId = al.ArtistId
INNER JOIN Music.dbo.Genres g
ON al.GenreId = g.GenreId');
EXEC('USE tempdb EXEC sp_columns #TempTable DROP TABLE #TempTable');Resultado:
+-------------------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------+------------+-----------+--------------+-----------------+--------------------+---------------------+--------------------+---------------+----------------+ | TABLE_QUALIFIER | TABLE_OWNER | TABLE_NAME | COLUMN_NAME | DATA_TYPE | TYPE_NAME | PRECISION | LENGTH | SCALE | RADIX | NULLABLE | REMARKS | COLUMN_DEF | SQL_DATA_TYPE | SQL_DATETIME_SUB | CHAR_OCTET_LENGTH | ORDINAL_POSITION | IS_NULLABLE | SS_DATA_TYPE | |-------------------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------+------------+-----------+--------------+-----------------+--------------------+---------------------+--------------------+---------------+----------------| | tempdb | dbo | #TempTable__________________________________________________________________________________________________________00000000000C | ArtistName | -9 | nvarchar | 255 | 510 | NULL | NULL | 0 | NULL | NULL | -9 | NULL | 510 | 1 | NO | 39 | | tempdb | dbo | #TempTable__________________________________________________________________________________________________________00000000000C | AlbumName | -9 | nvarchar | 255 | 510 | NULL | NULL | 0 | NULL | NULL | -9 | NULL | 510 | 2 | NO | 39 | | tempdb | dbo | #TempTable__________________________________________________________________________________________________________00000000000C | Genre | -9 | nvarchar | 50 | 100 | NULL | NULL | 0 | NULL | NULL | -9 | NULL | 100 | 3 | NO | 39 | +-------------------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------+------------+-----------+--------------+-----------------+--------------------+---------------------+--------------------+---------------+----------------+
Podrías reemplazar sp_columns con sp_help si lo prefiere
Creo que los primeros dos métodos son mejores, pero al menos es otra opción (especialmente si está usando una versión anterior de SQL Server que no es compatible con sys.dm_exec_describe_first_result_set o sp_describe_first_result_set .
