Obtener el recuento de días consecutivos que cumplen un criterio dado

Esta consulta arrojará los recuentos de cada fila:

SELECT allocation, d, count(*) OVER (PARTITION BY allocation, part ORDER BY d) AS c
FROM (
  SELECT allocation, d,
         d - row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY allocation ORDER BY d) AS part
  FROM t
)
ORDER BY d;

Luego puede filtrarlo para encontrar los recuentos de una fila determinada:

SELECT c
FROM (
  SELECT allocation, d, count(*) OVER (PARTITION BY allocation, part ORDER BY d) AS c
  FROM (
    SELECT allocation, d,
           d - row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY allocation ORDER BY d) AS part
    FROM t
  )
)
WHERE d = DATE '2015-01-05';

Explicación:

La tabla derivada se usa para calcular diferentes "particiones" part para cada fecha y asignación:

  SELECT allocation, d,
         d - row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY allocation ORDER BY d) AS part
  FROM t

El resultado es:

allocation  d           part
--------------------------------
Same        01.01.15    31.12.14
Good        02.01.15    01.01.15
Same        03.01.15    01.01.15
Same        04.01.15    01.01.15
Same        05.01.15    01.01.15
Good        06.01.15    04.01.15

La fecha concreta producida por part es irrelevante. Es solo una fecha que será la misma para cada "grupo" de fechas dentro de una asignación. A continuación, puede contar el número de valores idénticos de (allocation, part) usando el count(*) over(...) función de ventana:

SELECT allocation, d, count(*) OVER (PARTITION BY allocation, part ORDER BY d) AS c
FROM (...)
ORDER BY d;

para producir el resultado deseado.

Datos

He usado la siguiente tabla para el ejemplo:

CREATE TABLE t AS (
  SELECT DATE '2015-01-01' AS d, 'Same' AS allocation FROM dual UNION ALL
  SELECT DATE '2015-01-02' AS d, 'Good' AS allocation FROM dual UNION ALL
  SELECT DATE '2015-01-03' AS d, 'Same' AS allocation FROM dual UNION ALL
  SELECT DATE '2015-01-04' AS d, 'Same' AS allocation FROM dual UNION ALL  
  SELECT DATE '2015-01-05' AS d, 'Same' AS allocation FROM dual UNION ALL
  SELECT DATE '2015-01-06' AS d, 'Good' AS allocation FROM dual
);