SQL- Selección del producto más similar

Prueba esto

SELECT 
  a_product_id, 
  COALESCE( b_product_id, 'no_matchs_found' ) AS closest_product_match
FROM (
  SELECT 
    *,  
    @row_num := IF(@prev_value=A_product_id,@row_num+1,1) AS row_num,
    @prev_value := a_product_id
  FROM 
    (SELECT @prev_value := 0) r
    JOIN (
        SELECT 
         a.product_id as a_product_id,
         b.product_id as b_product_id,
         count( distinct b.Attributes ),
         count( distinct b2.Attributes ) as total_products
        FROM
          products a
          LEFT JOIN products b ON ( a.Attributes = b.Attributes AND a.product_id <> b.product_id )
          LEFT JOIN products b2 ON ( b2.product_id = b.product_id )
       /*WHERE */
         /*  a.product_id = 3 */
        GROUP BY
         a.product_id,
         b.product_id
        ORDER BY 
          1, 3 desc, 4
  ) t
) t2 
WHERE 
  row_num = 1

La query anterior obtiene las closest matches para todos los productos, puede incluir el product_id en la consulta más interna, para obtener los resultados de un product_id en particular , he usado LEFT JOIN de modo que incluso si un product no tiene coincidencias, se muestra

SQLFIDDLE

Espero que esto ayude