Recursión de CTE de SQL Server 2008

Realmente no es tan difícil de hacer:

;WITH cte AS
(
    SELECT CAST('/' + Name AS VARCHAR(50)) as 'CteName', ID
    FROM dbo.YourTable
    WHERE parent_id IS NULL

    UNION ALL

    SELECT CAST(cte.CteName + '/' + Name AS VARCHAR(50)), t.ID
    FROM dbo.YourTable t
    INNER JOIN cte ON t.parent_id = cte.id
)
SELECT cteName FROM cte
ORDER BY ID

me da una salida de:

/A
/A/B
/A/B/C
/A/D

Como nota al margen:el CTE podría calcular fácilmente la "profundidad" y no necesariamente necesita almacenar eso en su tabla (consulte el Level columna que he agregado):

;WITH cte AS
(
    SELECT 
       CAST('/' + Name AS VARCHAR(50)) as 'CteName', ID, 
       1 AS 'Level'
    FROM dbo.YourTable
    WHERE parent_id IS NULL

    UNION ALL

    SELECT 
       CAST(cte.CteName + '/' + Name AS VARCHAR(50)), t.ID,
       cte.Level + 1 AS 'Level'
    FROM dbo.YourTable t
    INNER JOIN cte ON t.parent_id = cte.id
)
SELECT cteName FROM cte
ORDER BY Level, ID