Unpivot dinámico y columnas divididas SQL Server 2012

Solo necesita dividir las columnas después de hacer UNPIVOT algo como esto:

WITH Unpivoted 
AS
(
    SELECT region, lob, columns, value
    FROM Regions
    UNPIVOT
    (
       columns
       FOR value IN([GWP 2013] , [GWP 2014] ,
                    [LR 2013]  , [LR 2014] ,
                    [GWP 2015], [LR 2015])
    ) AS u
) 
SELECT 
  region, 
  lob,
  columns,
  CAST(CASE WHEN value LIKE 'GWP%' THEN REPLACE(value,'GWP ', '')
       WHEN value LIKE 'LR%' THEN REPLACE(value,'LR ', '')
  END AS INT) AS Year,
  CASE WHEN value LIKE 'GWP%' THEN 'GWP'
       WHEN value LIKE 'LR%' THEN 'LR'
  END AS Metrics
FROM Unpivoted;

Y luego, por supuesto, debe hacerlo dinámicamente para evitar enumerar las columnas manualmente y hacerlo dinámicamente:

DECLARE @cols AS NVARCHAR(MAX);
DECLARE @query AS NVARCHAR(MAX);

select @cols = STUFF((SELECT distinct ',' +
                        QUOTENAME(column_name)
                      FROM information_schema.columns
                      WHERE table_name = 'Regions'
                        AND COLUMN_NAME <> 'Region' 
                        AND COLUMN_NAME <> 'LOB'
                      FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE
                     ).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)') 
                        , 1, 1, '');


SELECT @query = 'WITH Unpivoted 
                AS
                (
                    SELECT region, lob, columns, value
                    FROM Regions
                    UNPIVOT
                    (
                       columns
                       FOR value IN('+ @cols + ')
                    ) AS u
                ) 
                SELECT 
                  region, 
                  lob,
                  columns,
                  CAST(CASE WHEN value LIKE ''GWP%'' THEN REPLACE(value,''GWP '', '''')
                       WHEN value LIKE ''LR%'' THEN REPLACE(value,''LR '', '''')
                  END AS INT) AS Year,
                  CASE WHEN value LIKE ''GWP%'' THEN ''GWP''
                       WHEN value LIKE ''LR%'' THEN ''LR''
                  END AS Metrics
                FROM Unpivoted';


EXECUTE(@query);

Esto debería funcionar bien asumiendo que:

• Todas las columnas [GWP 2013] , [GWP 2014] , [LR 2013] , [LR 2014] , [GWP 2015], [LR 2015], ... etc están en el mismo formato (GWP o LR luego espacio luego el año, y

• Todas las columnas son del mismo tipo de datos int o decimal, si los tipos de datos no son los mismos, debe convertirlos todos en un tipo de datos antes de hacer unpivot de lo contrario obtendrá un error.

• Demostración de SQL Fiddle

Esto le dará:

| region |     lob |  columns | Year | Metrics |
|--------|---------|----------|------|---------|
|  North | Workers |  38902.5 | 2013 |     GWP |
|  North | Workers | 37972404 | 2014 |     GWP |
|  North | Workers |       70 | 2015 |     GWP |
|  North | Workers |       89 | 2013 |      LR |
|  North | Workers |       82 | 2014 |      LR |
|  North | Workers |       80 | 2015 |      LR |

Actualización:

Usé FOR XML PATH('') .. para concatenar toda la lista de valores en una cadena, es una solución en SQL Server para hacer eso. El valor de @cols será la cadena:[GWP 2013], [GWP 2014], ... .

Si el tipo de datos de sus campos es diferente, debe realizar la conversión de todas las columnas que no se pivotarán en la consulta de anclaje antes de realizar UNPVOT así:

SELECT @query = 'WITH Unpivoted 
                AS
                (
                    SELECT region, lob, columns, value
                    FROM 
                    (
                       SELECT 
                         region,
                         lob,
                         CAST([GWP 2013] AS DECIMAL(10,2)) AS [GWP 2013],
                         CAST([GWP 2014] AS DECIMAL(10,2)) AS [GWP 2014],
                         ... etc
                       FROM Regions
                    ) AS t
                    UNPIVOT
                    (
                       columns
                       FOR value IN('+ @cols + ')
                    ) AS u
                ) 
                SELECT 
                  region, 
                  lob,
                  columns,
                  CAST(CASE WHEN value LIKE ''GWP%'' THEN REPLACE(value,''GWP '', '''')
                       WHEN value LIKE ''LR%'' THEN REPLACE(value,''LR '', '''')
                  END AS INT) AS Year,
                  CASE WHEN value LIKE ''GWP%'' THEN ''GWP''
                       WHEN value LIKE ''LR%'' THEN ''LR''
                  END AS Metrics
                FROM Unpivoted';

Si le resultó difícil escribir la conversión para todas las columnas manualmente, puede generarla dinámicamente y agregarla en su lugar, por ejemplo:

DECLARE @colsCasted AS NVARCHAR(MAX);

select @colsCasted = STUFF((SELECT distinct ',' +
                        'CAST(' + QUOTENAME(column_name) + 'AS DECIMAL(10,2)) AS ' + QUOTENAME(column_name)
                      FROM information_schema.columns
                      WHERE table_name = 'Regions'
                        AND COLUMN_NAME <> 'Region' 
                        AND COLUMN_NAME <> 'LOB'
                      FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE
                     ).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)') 
                        , 1, 1, '');

Luego, en la consulta dinámica, agregue ese valor:

SELECT @query = 'WITH Unpivoted 
                    AS
                    (
                        SELECT region, lob, columns, value
                        FROM 
                        (
                          SELECT region, lob,
                          ' + @colsCasted + '
                          FROM Regions
                        ) AS t
                        UNPIVOT
                        (
                           columns
                           FOR value IN('+ @cols + ')
                        ) AS u
                    ) 
                    SELECT 
                      region, 
                      lob,
                      columns,
                      CAST(CASE WHEN value LIKE ''GWP%'' THEN REPLACE(value,''GWP '', '''')
                           WHEN value LIKE ''LR%'' THEN REPLACE(value,''LR '', '''')
                      END AS INT) AS Year,
                      CASE WHEN value LIKE ''GWP%'' THEN ''GWP''
                           WHEN value LIKE ''LR%'' THEN ''LR''
                      END AS Metrics
                    FROM Unpivoted';


    EXECUTE(@query);